Marine boiler



6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

B. R. 8a H, L; ZBLL.

MARINE BOILER.

Patented an. 28, 1896.

' (No ModeL) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

R. R. & H. L. ZELLL MARINE BOILER. No. 553,700. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet s. r

R. R. & H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER.

No. 553,700. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

amt-0715;

Attest: T f

%/%/zz mas ya m a 7M (No Model) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

R. R. 85 H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER.

. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

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' R. R. & H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER.

No. 553,700. Pq tented Jan. 28, 1896.

(N0 Mode l.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. R. R. & H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER. v No. 553,700. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

M. PHUTO-LI'IKQWASHINGTON. DC.

IINiTE STATES PATENT met.

ROBERT R. ZELL AND HARRY L. ZELL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, AS-

SIGNORS TO THE ZELL ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, OF NEYV ORLEANS,LOUISIANA.

MARINE BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters l atent No. 553,700, dated January28, 1896. Application filed February 24,1893. Renewed July 10, 1895.$erial No. 555,580. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ROBERT R. ZELL and HARRY L. ZELL, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Marine Boilers; and wedo' hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The main object of our invention is to pro duce a marine boilerpresenting the maximum amount of effective water-tube-heating surface incomparison with the great area of the combustion-chamber, so as to fullyutilize the heat of the products of combustion in the rapid generationof an amount of steam ap proximating as closely as possible to thattheoretically obtainable from the fuel consumed.

Further objects of our invention are, first, to dispense with the bricksetting usually employed for such boilers; second, to economize space bysecuring a compact arrangement of the boiler as a whole; third, torender the parts readily accessible for cleaning purposes and repairs;fourth, to construct the boiler in sections adapted to be quickly puttogether or assembled, and individually removable and replaceable at aminimum expense and loss of time; fifth, to secure and maintain anactive and eflicient automatic circulation in the water-tubes of theseveral sections, and, sixth, to avoid priming or the entraining ofwater into the pipes of the steam-distributing system, by providing forthe drying and superheating of the steam in drums or superheatersadvantageously located to utilize to the fullest extent the waste heatof the escaping products of combustion on their way to the smoke-fines.

In carrying out our invention we have embodied the same in certain novelconstructions and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter described, andparticularly pointed out in the claims forming a part of thisspecification.

In the accompanying draw ings,Figure 1 represents, partly in section, aside elevation of a marine boiler embodying our improvements.

Fig. 2 represents a front elevation thereof with the cleaning-doors andhand-hole plates removed. Fig. 3 represents a rear elevation, partly insection. Fig. 4 represents a section on the line 4 4 of Fig, 1, therelative position of the separator-drums being indicated in dottedlines. Fig. 5 represents a vertical section and elevation on the line 55 of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 represents a partial section and elevation onthe line 6 6 of Fig. 4.

Similar numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout theseveral views.

Referring to the drawings, 7 indicates the base-castings for sustainingthe main body of the superstructure, auxiliary chairs 8 being providedfor the mud-drum 9. The gratebars 10, supported in the manner indicatedin Fig. 5, form the bottom of the combustionchamber, saidcombustion-chamber having the usual suitable firedoors, as 11, andashdoors, as 12.

The main portion of the rear wall of the boiler is formed of a series ofvertical headers l3, separated from each other by intervening verticalspaces, adapted to be closed by doors 14 pivoted to swing upon bearings15. The corresponding part of the front wall of the boiler is formed ofa like series of Vertical headers 13, with similar intervening pivoteddoors 14, the arrangement being such that the doors of the front wallare opposite the headers of the rear wall, and the doors of the rearwall are opposite the headers of the front wall, for a purposehereinafter to be described.

The front-wall headers 13 are connected at top by nipples to theseparator 17 and at bottom by nipples with the header 16, whichcommunicates freely with the front bottom headers 18 by means of thetubes 19. The front bottom headers 18 are joined by a nipple, as shown,and communicate With the separator 17 by means of the tubes 20. They arealso connected by nipples with the communicating side bottom headers 21,which at their rear ends are connected by nipples with the mud-drum 9,and from which the tubes 22 extend upwardly and open into the separator23.

The rear-wall headers 13 are connected by 100 nipples with a header 24,which communicates by means of tubes with the mud drum 9. They also areconnected by nipples with the separator 23.

The side walls of the boiler are formed of a series of tubes 26 set instaggered position, as shown. These side tubes open at bottom into theside bot-tom headers 21, and at top into the side top headers 27, whichextend beneath the ends of the separators 17 23 and are connectedtherewith by nipples.

The separators 17 23 are connected by the upper cross-headers 25, rangedclosely side by side, so as to form a top or roof for thecombustionchamber, except at the sides thereof, where longitudinalspaces are left above the top side headers 27 for the passage of th eproducts of combustion into the smokestack, as indicated more fully inFigs. 1 and 6.

Innnediately below the headers 25, but separated therefrom, are thediaphragm-plates 28 located on opposite sides of a central space, asshown, so that the products of combustion may be directed through saidcentral space and then out through the longitudinal side openings justreferred to, so as to utilize the heat to the best advantage.

The separator 23 receives the feed-water througha suitable feed-pipe 29,and the separator 17 is provided with a three-cock watergage 30, havingthe customary valves. The separators are connected by steam-drumsuperheater 31., extending through and across the smoke-stack 32 in thepathway of the escaping products of combustion, so as to utilize thewaste heat of the same in drying or superheating the steam, and therebypreventing priming. From the steam-drum or superheater a suitablenozzle, as 33, permits the carrying oif of the steam to the point ofuse. The usual hand-hole or manhole plates permit access to the interiorof the drum and separators when desired.

The front and rear headers 13 13 and the upper headers 25 are eachprovided with a series of handholes, covered by hand-hole plates, setobliquely, as shown. Two series of water-tubes 31, whose membersalternate with each other, extend from each of the headers 13 13 to acorresponding header of the series of top headers 25, and after beinginserted are expanded at their ends by a suitable tool admitted throughthe hand-hole openings, so as to securelyconnect the tubes to theheaders. This connecting up of the water-tubes with the headers ispreferably done at the boiler-shop, and is a matter of great conveniencein the subsequent assembling of the parts, at the time of setting up theboiler at the place of use, inasmuch as the boiler is thus furnished tothe purchaser in sections, already made up and carefully tested, andrequiring but a few nipple connections to be readily and effectivelyunited to the separators. A further advantage is that extra sections maybe provided, to be substituted for such sections as may from nozzleswith the time to time need repair, and with but trifling inconvenience.We therefore contemplate furnishing these removable and insertiblesections made up as a separate article of manufacture and sale.

It will be noted that the water-tubes 31 are of circular contour, sothat while projecting well into the combustion-chamber and presenting acorrespondingly large surface of exposure to the flame they may likewisebe readily inserted or removed through the handholes, either through thestanding header or the top cross-header or through the interveningdoors, as may be most convenient. Their shape, moreover, minimizes theend-thrust exerted by the expanding heated tubes, and the alternatingarrangement of the two series from each header aifords agreateropportunity for the products of combustion to gain completeaccess to both series, and leaves a greater amount of metal around theexpanded end of each tube, thereby making a stronger and more durableand reliable joint, and increasing the number of tubes that can besuccessfully employed for a given width of header.

Inasmuch as the boiler as constructed is self-supporting, all necessityof employing a brick structure to sustain the same is avoided. Inpractice we merely employ a suitable nonconducting casing 35 to preventradiation and loss of heat, said casing consisting of an inner and" anouter sheathing of plate metal with an intervening filling of asbestosor other non-conducting material, as indicated.

The parts being constructed and arranged described, the operation willbe readily apparent. The feed-water is supplied throu gh the pipe 29 andenters the entire system of in tel-communicating headers and tubes,rising to the level of the central cock or valve of the water-gage 30,which is the normal level to be preserved during the operation of theboiler. The mud or sediment from the feed-water is received in the muddrum 9, from which it can be removed by the usual blow-off devices, orotherwise. The products of combustion from the grate-fire rise throughthe central space between the plates 28, coming in contact with the sidetubes 26 and bent tubes 34, and pass out beneath the headers 25, throughthe longitudinal side spaces above the headers 27, into and through thesmokestaek 32, and about {the superheatingdrum 31. A rapid circulation,in the direction indicated by the arrows, is brought about andmaintained throughout the bent water-tubcs 3i and the water-separators17 23, and, at the same time, the steam generated in the tubes 26 riseswith the hot water into the said separators. The steam from both sourcesis separated in the drums 17 and passes upward into the steamsuperheater and driers 31, where it is effectually dried before passingout to the distributing or engine-supply pipes.

The pivoted doors ll 1t, opposite the IIO curved water-tube pipes 34,afford means of convenient access for cleaning the exterior surfaces ofsaid tubes from soot and for repairing the tubes, as occasion mayrequire.

The inclined position of the bent watertubes greatly facilitates thecirculation of the water, and the disengagement of the steam isespecially favored by the large area of the separators, as the heatedwater passes through them, while the staggered vertical side tubes 26,in addition to their function of inclosing the combustion-chamber,furnish a large additional area for steam generation, greatly adding tothe efficiency and capacity of the boiler. The products of combustion,moreover, striking the central portion of the headers 25, and movingoutward laterally beneath and along the under side of said headers, andagain over the upper side thereof, exercise their full effect at thepoint where the sepa ration of the steam and water is initiated, and tothe great advantage of the operation. The boiler is, therefore, not onlyone wherein the structure and arrangement insure great economy in space,with facility of access for cleaning and repair from the front, rear,and top, but also one in which these and the other structural advantageshereinbefore pointed out are further combined with high generatin gcapacity in comparison to the area of gratesurface employed, and onewhich efiects a practically complete utilization of the fuel consumed inthe rapid production of steam.

The four large corner-tubes 20 22, connecting the bottoms of theseparators with the bottom headers and mud-drum, are, it will be noted,isolated in large measure from the direct action of the heat, and permitof a downward circulation through them to the bottom of the boilerwithout interference from upward currents.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is-- 1. A steamboiler, comprising side walls made up of series of water-tubes havingtop and bottom headers, front and rear walls made up of standing headerswith intermediate doors, the doors of the one wall being opposite theheaders of the other wall, amud-drum communicating with the bottoms ofthe headers of the rear wall, water-separators communicating with thestanding headers at their upper ends and with the top headers of theside wall tubes, cross headers connecting the water-separators, curvedtubes connecting the cross headers and standing headers, and a steamdrum communicating with the water separators and located in the path ofthe outgoing products of combustion; substantially as described.

2. A steam boiler, comprising side walls made up of series ofwater-tubes having top and bottom headers, front and rear walls made upof standing headers with intermediate doors, the doors of the one wallbeing opposite the headers of the other wall, a mud-drum communicatingwith the bottoms of the headers of the rear wall, Water separatorsconimunicatin g with the standing headers at their upper ends and withthe top headers of the side wall tubes, cross headers connecting theseparators, and curved tubes connecting the cross headers and standingheaders; substantially as described.

3. A steam boiler, comprising side walls made up of series of watertubes having top and bottom headers, front and rear walls made up'ofstanding headers with interme diate doors, the doors of the one wallbeing opposite the headers of the other wall, a mud drum communicatingwith the bottom of the headers of the rear wall, water separatorscommunicating with the standing headers at their upper ends and with thetop headers of the side walls, cross headers connecting the separators,curved tubes connecting the cross headers and standing headers, and adiaphragm having an opening for the passage of the products ofcombustion and located below the cross headers; substantially asdescribed.

4. A steam boiler, having the walls of its combustion chamber formed inpart of water tubes set close together, and in part of headers withintermediate doors, the doors of the one wall being opposite the headersof the opposite wall; substantially as described.

5. A steam boiler, having Water separators at opposite ends of the upperpart of the combustion chamber, standing headers at the front and rearends of said chamberconnecting With the separators, cross-headersforming communication between the separators,

and diagonal water-tubes connecting the standing headers at the frontend with one set of cross-headers, and the standing headers at theopposite end With different cross-headers, substantially as described.

6. In a steam boiler, the combination of a separator, a vertical headercommunicating therewith, a horizontal cross-header communicatingtherewith at right-angles with the vertical header, and a series oftubes connecting the two headers, said tubes being curved on the arc ofthe circle and the headers having hand holes opposite the ends of thetubes in the line of the circles; substantially as described.

7. In a steam boiler, the combination of oppositely disposed verticalheaders forming part of the walls of the combustion chamber, horizontalcross headers forming the top of said chamber, and diagonal water tubesestablishing communication between the vertical and horizontal headers,the number of tubes in the vertical headers being sufficient to occupypractically the entire length of the cross headers; substantially asdescribed.

8. In a steam boiler, the combination of a separator in the upper partof the combustion chamber, vertical headers communicating therewith,said headers being separated from each other by an intervening space,horizontal cross-headers also communicating withthe separator, saidcross-headers lying close together c nd forming the top of thecombustion chamber, and diagonal tubes connecting the Vertical headerswith alternate cross-headers, substantially as described.

9. In a steam boiler, the combination of a steam and Water separator inthe upper part of the combustion chamber, a side header at the bottom ofthe boiler, vertical ascending Water-tubes forming the sides of theboiler and connecting the separator with the side header, and separateinsulated descending Water tubes at the corners of the boiler forming anindependent communication between

